基于对置活塞柴油机的喷射参数对燃烧过程影响的理论研究

Title: Theoretical Investigation on the Impact of Injection Parameters on the Combustion Process Based on an Opposed-Piston Diesel Engine

题目：基于对置活塞柴油机的喷射参数对燃烧过程影响的理论研究

Authors: LIANG Yongsen, ZUO Zhengxing, WANG Wenxiao, LI Hong, LIU Long, WU Jie, WU Mindong, WANG Xinghao

作者：梁永森,左正兴,王文晓,李红,刘龙,吴杰,吴敏东,王鑫浩

单位：北京理工大学；哈尔滨工程大学；中国北方发动机研究所

Journal of Thermal Science, 2025, 34(3): 756-770.

Abstract: This study delves into the theoretical exploration of the effects of injector and orifice arrangement, spray angle, and orifice size on combustion and emission characteristics of horizontal opposed two-stroke engines. By employing numerical simulations, the research systematically investigates how variations in these parameters influence engine performance and emissions. The findings underscore the significance of injector and orifice configuration in optimizing fuel spatial mixing and atomization, resulting in improved indicated thermal efficiency and indicated mean effective pressure. However, it is noted that while emissions of HC, Soot, and CO can be maintained at low levels by injector and orifice configuration, NOx emissions tend to be relatively higher. Moreover, the study highlights the impact of spray angle on combustion dynamics, where an optimum spray angle is identified for achieving peak thermal efficiency and effective pressure due to the improvement between spray distribution and impingement. Additionally, the study reveals the critical role of nozzle diameter in combustion and emissions control, with an optimal diameter leading to enhanced thermal efficiency and reduced emissions of Soot, HC, CO, and CO2 to some extent. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into optimizing engine performance and emissions control strategies in horizontal opposed two-stroke engines, guiding future research and development efforts in the field.

摘要：本研究从理论层面探讨了喷油器和喷孔布置、喷雾锥度及喷孔尺寸对水平对置二冲程发动机燃烧与排放特性的影响。通过数值模拟方法，系统研究了上述参数变化对发动机性能与排放的影响规律。研究结果表明：喷油器喷孔布置的优化设计对改善燃油空间分布与雾化效果具有关键作用，可有效提升指示热效率与指示平均有效压力；但需注意的是，虽然HC、碳烟和CO排放可通过喷油器布置形式控制在较低水平，NOx排放却呈现相对升高趋势。研究还揭示了喷雾锥角对燃烧过程的动态影响机制：当喷雾锥角处于最优值时，燃油分布与碰壁效应达到最佳平衡，此时指示热效率与指示平均有效压力均达到峰值。此外，喷孔直径对燃烧与排放控制具有双重调控作用，优化后的孔径不仅能提升热效率，还能在一定程度上降低碳烟、HC、CO及CO2的排放水平。本研究成果为水平对置二冲程发动机的性能优化与排放控制策略提供了重要理论依据，对该领域的后续研究和技术开发具有指导意义。

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